. Russian Word of the Day
bard /bard/ vs bud /bad/ To my surprise, I know nothing about how old German non-rhoticity is, except that it must have been rare or absent before the mid-18th century and must have achieved pretty much its current extent by the beginning of the 20th. These stereotypes have become so pervasive that they occur in nearly every portrayal of Appalachia. ____Iberio- Romance_____ Station Two: Language Map According to National Geographic, by 2100, more than half of the more than 7,000 languages spoken on Earth—many of them not yet recorded—may disappear! He’s not an American at all, but I’m guessing you guessed where he got his information from! 4. There are tons of things I could tell you about myself, but all you really need to know is I'm crazy in love with my home in Appalachia-the people, the food, the music, the colorful language, the sustainable lifestyle, the history, the soaring mountains, and the deep dark hollers. 1. The unique sayings, culture and charm of mountain people have been captured in numerous TV shows and films, perhaps none as well known as "The Andy … And as I’ve told Michael Montgomery, the term “a-prefixing” always makes me think, “That feller goes around a-prefixin ever participle.”. Perhaps the use of French was more like a joke. The idea is to support dialect diversity while upholding the goals of teaching standardized language norms that fit conventions of formal writing and presentations. Philolog.ru
In the 1954, for the Jack Waverly song “Since Them Hillbillies Moved Down to the Holler,” poverty and alcoholism are foregrounded, with the titular “hillbillies” so pitiful that even the wildlife mocks them. ‘Court’ rhymes with ‘thought’ and ‘tort’. Lizok's Bookshelf
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/ɜ/ is a fiction for this speaker, there’s no vowel at all in these words; there’s just a syllabic /ɹ/ (though on the phonetic level [ɝ] may still be the best way to put it). Yes, that’s it. But -a or -o or -er, it’s all the same to us. What branch of the language tree is Spanish? my Amazon wish list. /ɛ/ vs /æ/ (cf what David says about how close they are). Anggarrgoon
Synchronically, the opposite might make more sense. Appalachian English differs from Standard American English in gram-mar, phonology, lexicon, and intonation (Wolfram & Christian 1976). The NY dialect still exists and being a Bronx, Irish, Catholic cop I speak it. ), which is also part of the refrain. To be fair, the Appalachian Mountain Range extends from Alabama to Canada, well beyond the culturally unique region of Appalachia. Portuguese speakers seem to understand Spanish almost perfectly, but many Spanish speakers can’t make any sense of Portuguese. My family had been in Haywood County for generations and one branch of my family tree started or stopped – depending on your perspective – when the Cherokee were marched through. Andras Rajki's Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
This article was originally published at The Conversation and has been republished under Creative Commons. Multitran
The only confusing thing for me here is the said-sad near-merger, which I’ve encountered before; for the rest I agree with “fairly vanilla”. I think I read somewhere that e.g. I’ve heard it from a born & bred Marylander with no particular connections to the West Coast that I know of. Nick Jainschigg's blog
(And I think Wells writes about it somewhere.). In addition, the West Virginia Dialect Project is studying how West Virginian teenagers shift their language to fit in with various cliques, which helps nudge language change along. No American would say that, because with no written r we won’t supply an /r/. Lady tourist comes to Boston for the first time and asks her taxi driver “Excuse me, I’m new in town; can you recommend the best place to get scrod?” (In fact, we witnessed, of its use over the course of the 20th century.). That includes Appalachian English, Southern American English, and Ebonics (I don’t think it’s confined to kindergarten children. I’m surprised that’s not on the list. If the passage is accurate, then no: even before they resorted to French words, the Bavarian soldier understood that the North German was asking for his ax, and the North German understood that the Bavarian couldn’t part with it. This board explores some of the features of the Appalachian Dialect. stød in Danish, where vowels (well, syllables, more accurately) with and without stød alternate systematically. @David Marjanović: I need to get in touch with the fellow who says Boston is locally [bastn̩]. Dictionnaire de l’Académie francaise
Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (1896-1912)
463-71. Nevertheless, I would still maintain that the way I was brought up, these ‘r’s weren’t regarded as ‘r’s to be pronounced with a real /r/ sound. “ The Appalachian dialect has … I once read that most of the first immigrants to New Zealand came from rhotic places, but a few where non-rhotic upper-class people, and everybody imitated them so thoroughly that NZ was quickly established as non-rhotic. Kirk Hazen, CC BY-SA. Wuthering Expectations
Language Log doesn’t seem to attract many linguists, so the level of commentary is depressingly low. Another colleague, a local with a rhotic accent, back-triangulated from his English accent and ended up referring to him as /ˈhærdi/. The Appalachian Dialect is among those. They were family treasures, but we never talked like that except when alluding to the stories. However, as Dannenberg (2010) discovered, the dialect is moving away from previously common word usages that had characterized Appalachia. But there is no systematic alternation in English between voiced (unaspirated) and voiceless (aspirated) stops either, even though there is certainly a phonemic difference. It’s a lot of fun even if you don’t bake, which I don’t. For me, at least, the difference between mass and mess is that the former has advanced tongue root and the latter does not, not anything about length. Online Etymology Dictionary
American as a whole split off from the rest of English around 1700, before derhoticization took place in the mother country, but the cities of the Eastern Seaboard continued to interchange with England for a century or more after that, leaving them non-rhotic but otherwise quite American. Only [u] and [ɯ] are impossible. So the ghost of the rhotic ‘r’ is still there. In reality, all evidence points to this being an American creation, with one of the earliest citations occurring in an 1804 entry in the journals of Lewis and Clark: “I killed a Deer which york Packed on his back.”. Perseus Digital Library 4.0
The Cassandra Pages
Frost probably had good intentions. Since North Carolina is considered the most linguistically diverse state in the US, and because both Brook + I grew up right here in WNC , we knew you – our fabulous readers – would know some unique words and phrases. Of the schwa-dropped vowels, that in ‘beer’ is the least acceptable in good speech, while those in ‘bear’ and ‘bore’ are quite normal. The Scottish phonologist James Scobbie, for example, reports that he says Chica[r]go, supplying a ghost /r/ that doesn’t belong in the word. I used an Australianism without knowing it. Michael Montgomery and others have used grammatical evidence, which is generally slower to change than pronunciations, to track Appalachian speech back to their origins from the predominantly Scots-Irish immigrants that settled in the area, along with others. At the bottom of this post, you will find a comments section. Report for National Institute of Education of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, NIE-G-74-0026.M. But at 65, I still see no problem with ‘sore a crater in the sun’, in fact I’d have a hard time saying ‘saw’ there. What with the Northern Cities Shift, the Southern Shift, the California Shift, and various individual splits and mergers, the chance that two Americans chosen at random will understand each other’s isolated words is getting smaller all the time. Maybe the trouble was just in Axt vs. Hacke (“ax”) or perhaps Beil (“hatchet”, whatever the difference is)? However, to call that a pidgin is perhaps a bit exaggerated. sequences of a vowel and a “resonant”, “diphthongs”. The dialect spoken by Appalachian people has been given a variety of names, the majority of them somewhat less than complimentary. Laudator Temporis Acti
I realize that “I love to go a wandering” was translated from German. Among all the spoken varieties that are used today, Standard Arabic is quite distinct from all the other spoken forms of Arabic, as it is formal and more conservative. Some English dialects de-diphtongize. Actually, I think there was a flaw in my analysis of non-rhoticism. He says “There’s no monolithic ‘Appalachian dialect,’ and language variation – an important component of language everywhere – is just as diverse within Appalachia as it is outside of the region,” discusses the stereotypes, and ends with a hopeful account of dialect-focused projects that are attempting to fight them. Indo-European (Includes English) 2. Appalachian Dialects in the College Classroom: Linguistic Diversity and Sensitivity in the Classroom Paper Presented at the National Conference on College Composition and Communication March 18, 2005, San Francisco, CA Felicia Mitchell Department of English Emory & Henry College P.O. And I think I’ve acclimated pretty well! Michael Montgomery and others have used grammatical evidence, which is generally slower to change than pronunciations, to track Appalachian speech back to their origins from the predominantly Scots-Irish immigrants that settled in the area, along with others. […] but using French words made it easier for them to strip out all the grammar and speak in a very basic way? There are five linguistic, or dialect, regions in the state, and our corner is called the Southern Appalachian Highlands Dialect. whether it was supposed to suggest a particular non-rhotic vowel, or whether it was pronounced like the intrusive /r/ in “warsh.”. No-sword
2. In a sense, it sounds like a system in transition in the wake of derhoticisation. So I finally tried. Try using some of these Appalachian words in a sentence of your own! Just how much the non-rhotic tendency spread westward depended on local considerations: I grew up a mere 9 miles / 14 km west of historically non-rhotic Manhattan (admittedly across water and a state line) but I am fully rhotic, whereas in the South the non-rhotic area once covered the whole of the Confederacy except for the mountainous interior. Answered: Your Appalachian lingo Last week, we asked you to share your favorite examples of our regional dialect – known as Southern Appalachian Highlands – with us. The way they did it seemed quite regular. Oh, suprasegmental length that behaves like tone? , these stereotypical portrayals continue to color how the rest of the country sees Appalachia. I mean that it may be simpler to describe r-insertion by where and when it doesn't happen than where and when it does. Of course I was familiar with the way that North Americans, in particular, inserted ‘r’s after vowels in certain environments. Ramage
North Carolina State University. Which makes this a definitive argument: Actually, the vowel in ‘bear’ is the long version of that in ‘bed’. Movies listed by language at IMDB
What?! The Fate of Books
I had once mentioned that aspect of the history of New Zealand English (A majority of the first wave of anglophone settlers were speakers of rhotic varieties, but the prestige variety was non-rhotic, leading to rhoticity disappearing in New Zealand a generation later) here (June 12, 12:01 comment): 3-Brett: It went further than mere accent differences! For generations, Appalachian mountain folk have been ridiculed for their dialect. The compounds tater trap and tater poke ‘mouth’ are definitely American, though. Thus (in my opinion) George Washington’s “I cannot tell a lie, I did it with my little hatchet” is less an admission that he chopped down his father’s cherry tree and more that he did so using the wrong tool. What branch of the language tree is Spanish? Or something else altogether? An ka taa (resources and lessons for Bambara, Dioula, Malinké, and Mandinka)
So when describing AmE I write /bɪt/ and /bit/, with no length mark. Maggie McDonald contributed to this article. So, did rhotic tater originate as a spelling pronunciation, when the intended pronunciation was supposed to be tatuh? American Heritage Dictionary Indo-European Roots Appendix
Bob Shackleton: Yes, MM points out, maybe based on your work, that the phonetics of AppE is from a different region than much of the grammar. Boston merges cot/caught to something like [ɒː], I believe, which seems far from anything that might appear in “gourd”, so I feel like I’m still missing something. I meant that some varieties of rhotic English has a syllabic r that phonetically is an alveolar approximant [ɹ] (or thereabouts). Argues for existence of identifiable dialect called Southern Appalachian English “on the basis of cultural solidarity, the boundaries of this dialect [being] more social, more cultural, than geographical”; also argues that the dialect is composed of two varieties—a standard and a nonstandard, both of which have features socially stigmatized by other speakers of American English. Only messages signed "languagehat" are property of and attributable to languagehat.com. A-verbing in songs is relatively unremarkable in English. AJP, nobody doubts that; it’s a matter of why rhotic speakers have an explicit /r/ in their pronunciation of tater. make / made. No, it was actually Boston, which is non-rhotic, cot-caught merged, and not father-bother merged. I prefer to reserve “diphthong” for things like [ei̯], where both components are phonetically vowels. Jabal al-Lughat
Here we run into deep-seated issues. I think that’s where the influence of non-English varieties of British English comes in. It’s the “standard dialect” that has changed. If you pronounce ‘follow’ as /fɔlə/, it is quite likely to be pronounced as /fɔlərən/, which sounds uncultivated. It’s always there in the underlying representation except when it disappears under certain conditions. I wasn’t sure if it applies to all of them, and if it does, if the same sets count as diphtongs for all non-rhotics. References: Paul Hull Bowdre, Jr., “Eye Dialect as a Literary Device,” in A Various Language: Perspectives on American Dialects, ed. I once heard “done crunk” as preterite of “crank”, meaning “to start a car or engine”. By Wylene P. Dial. NY traders moved to NO and brought their dialect with them. […], Where it gets interesting are the many grammatical changes from the standard dialect. Favorite rave review, by Teju Cole:
bard /ba:d/ vs bud /bad/ Is this usage widespread? Similar phenomenon. Laps = the branches of a tree. Following the work of linguists like Walt Wolfram and Jeffrey Reaser, who created the Voices of North Carolina Dialect Awareness Curriculum, the West Virginia Dialect Project has been working with educators to develop teaching materials to help people learn how language works. All other things being equal – as in the pair
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